PAPER SOCIOLOGY

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.      Background

In the 19th century, a French philosopher named Auguste Comte (1798-1857) expressed concern about the state of French society after the outbreak of the French Revolution. The impact of the revolution, in addition to causing a positive change with the advent of democracy, the revolution has also brought negative changes in the form of inter-class conflicts that lead to anarchy in the French society. This conflict is motivated by his ignorance of the community in addressing the changes or laws like that can be used to regulate the stability of society.

Sociology paper is important to discuss because of Sociology discusses various social processes, amendments thereto, and all of reality that goes in them and provide solutions in a variety of social problems.

Global content of this paper is about sociology, benefits, and purpose of sociology, sociology of the way in addressing various social issues as well as the degree of Comparison grammar discussion.

B.       Problem Formulation

1. What is the sociology?

2. What are the benefits and purpose of sociology ?

3. How to sociology in addressing various social problems ?

4. What is degree of comparison and what are the kinds of them?

C.      Purpose

1. To learn sociology and what is discussed there in.

2. Knowing the benefits and purpose of sociology.

3. Knowing how sociology in addressing various social problems.

4. Knowing the degree of Comparison and kinds of them.

 

CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. READING SECTION

1. About Sociology

Sociology

Sociology is the scientific study of human social relations or group life. Other disciplines within the social sciences-including economics, political science, anthropology, and psychology are also concerned with topics that fall within the scope of human society. Sociology examine the ways in which social structures and institutions-such as class, family, community, and power –and social problems-such as crime and abuse-influence society.

The oldest subfields in the discipline are those that concentrate on social phenomena that have not previously been adopted as objects of study by other social science disciplines. These include marriage and the family, social inequality and social stratification, ethnic relations, deviant behavior, urban communities and complex or formal organizations. Subfields of more recent origin examine the social aspects of gerontology and sociology of sex and gender roles.

Because nearly all human activities involve social relations, another major source of specialization within sociology is the study of the social structure of areas of human activity. These areas of teaching and research include sociologies of politics, law, religion, education, the military, occupations and professions, governmental bureaucracies, industry, the arts, science, language (or sociolinguistics), medicine, mass communications, and sports. These subfields differ widely in the extent to which they have accumulated a substantial body of research and attracted large number of practitioners. Some, such as the sociology of sports, are recent fields, whereas other, such as the sociologies of religion and of law, heve their roots in the earliest studies of sociologists. Certain subfields have achieved brief popularity, only to be later incorporated into a more comprehensive area. Industrial sociology, for example,was a flourishing field in the United States during the 1930s and 1940s, but later it was largely absorbed into the study of complex organizations; in Britain, however, industrial sociology has remained a separate area of research.

2. Benefits Of Sociology

a. Social planning

Planning is the process of defining goals, create a strategy to achieve that goal, and develop a plan of activities, as well as prepare future and aims to overcome the obstacles of life.

Sociology in the social benefits plans are as follows

• Sociology understand the cultural development of the community

• Sociology understand the relationship between humans and the natural environment, the relationship between the group and the process of change and the influence of new inventions on society

• Sociology has a scientific discipline based on objectivity

• Through sociology, a plan can be used to determine the rate of progress and level of backwardness of a community

• Based on the point of view of sociology, social planning is a tool to determine the development of well-functioning society social gathering strength in order to create public order.

b. Research

With research and sociological investigation, it will get a wide range of social facts which are very useful in development planning or solving social problems that occur.

Excess sociology:

• Sociology able to understand the words symbol, code, and the term is used as an object of empirical research.

• Sociology understand the patterns of human behavior in society.

• Sociology able to consider a wide range of social phenomena that arise in social life.

• Sociology able to see the trends toward change in the pattern of behavior of members of society caused by certain things.

• Sociology careful in maintaining rational thinking so do not get stuck in a mindset that is not clear.

c. Development

Development is a process of change in all areas of life that was done on purpose on the basis of a specific plan. The purpose of the development process is to improve the lives of people both materially and spiritually. Improving standards of living includes a set of ideals which include the following:

• Development of rationalistic current

• The planning and development process

• Increased productivity

• Improved standard of living

• The same opportunities to participate

d. Overcoming Social Issues

Social problem is a mismatch between the elements of culture or society, which endangers the lives of social groups, such as juvenile delinquency, family disorganization, poverty, crime and war.  To overcome the social problems that there are 2 methods that can be used ie preventive and repressive methods.

1). method preventive

Is done by conducting preventive and in-depth assessment of the social phenomena

2). method repressive

Management process directly against the growing social problems and felt society.

3. Purpose Of Sociology

Increase the power or the ability of humans to adapt to their environment, by developing objective knowledge about the symptoms that can be used to
solve social problems.

B. VOCABULARY BUILDING SECTIONS

Topic: Terms on People’s Characters

Here are some words describing people’s character. Some words have positive meanings, but some other are the opposites. Find out pairs of opposite and put the in columns below!

Positive	Negative
Polite	Unkind
Nice	Lazy
Relaxed and easy going	Dishonest
Optimistic	Miserable
Smart	Unpleasant
Strong	Horrible
Pleasant	cold and unfriendly
Clever	Generous
Cheerful	hard working
Warm and friendly	Rude
Kind	Foolish
Honest

Instruction: Match these adjectives with the above questions!

Eccentric	cruel	reliable
Tactful	ambitious	sociable
Talkative	selfish	moody
Inquisitive	witty	tolerant
Punctual

           

Instruction: Fill in the blanks with an appropriate adjective!

1.      Javanese people usually                      .They’ll always talk to you and try to help you, even if you’ve never met them before.

2.      He is very………. if he tells you he’ll do samething, he always does it.

3.      Mrs.Ruli’s son is very ……... he never says ‘please’ or ‘thank you’, and only last week I heard them swearing at postman.

4.      My elder brother is so ……. he often buys me things. If I need something he always tries to fulfill it.

5.      His wife never does any housework, even though she doesn’t go out to work. I really can’t understand how anyone can be so……., can you?

C. GRAMMAR FOCUS

Degree Of Comparison

Degree of comparison are used when we compare one person or one thing with another. There are three Degrees of comparison in English. They are :

1.      Positive Degree

In positive degree, person or object has a value equal or the same.

Example:

Ø  Ani is as cleaver as Nita

Ø  Ikhwan is as hight as wifiq

Ø  Mr. Banyas is not so handsome as Boscow

2.      Comparative Degree

In comparative degree, person or object have a higher or lower quality.

a.    Study these examples

·      Let’s go by car. It’s cheaper.

·      Don’t go by train. It’s more expensive

Cheaper and more expensive are comparative forms

b.    Some adjectives and adverbs have irregular comparative forms

Good/well	Better	Let’s me ask him. I know him better than you do. The garden looks better since you tidied it up.
Bad/badly	Worse	“is you headache better?” “No, its worse.” The situation as much worse thanwe expected
Far	further	I’m very tired. I can’n walk much further.

3.      Superlative Degree

In superlative degree person or thing have to compare in the most.

·         What is the longest river in the world?

·         What was the most enjoyable holiday you’ve ever had?

Ø  Form

		comparative	superlative
Short adjectives	Cheap Small Big	Cheaper Smaller Bigger	Cheapest Smallest Biggest
Adjactives that end in y	Funny Early Heavy	Funnier Earlier Heavier	Funniest Earliest Heaviest
Adjectives with two syllables or more	Careful Boring Expensive Interesting	More careful More boring More expensive More interesting	Most careful Most boring Most expensive Most interesting
Irregular adjectives	Good Bad Far	Better Worse Further/ferther	Best Worst Furthest/farthest

Ø  Use

1.      Than is often used after a comparative adjective.

Example:

·         I’m younger than Barbara.

·         Barbara’s more intelligent than Sarah.

Much can come before the comparative to give emphasis

  Example:

·         She much is nicer than her sister.

·         Is Tokyo much more modern than London?

2.      The is used before superlative adjectives.

Example:

·         He’s the funniest boy in the class.

·         Which is the tallest building in the world?

3.      As …… as shows that something is the same or equal.

Example:

·         Jim’s as tall as Peter.

·         I’m as worried as you are.

4.      Not as/so……as shows that something isn’t the same or equal.

Example:

·         She isn’t as tall as her mother.

·         My car wasn’t so expensive as yours.

D. GRAMMAR EXERCISES

Task 1:  Comparative and superlative adjectives are formed in three ways.

With-er and –est

With-ier and-iest

With  more and most

The comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives (good and bad are irregular)

Base form	Comparative form	Superlative form
Beautiful	More beautiful	Most beautiful
Ugly	Uglier	Ugliest
Big	Bigger	Biggest
Small	Smaller	Smallest
Busy	Busier	Busiest
Cheap	Cheaper	Cheapest
Expensive	More expensive	Most expensive
Crowded	More crowded	Most crowded
Interesting	More interesting	Most interesting
Far (irreg)	Farther	Farthest

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A.      Conclusion

From the above discussion, it can be concluded that Sociology is the study of human social life. Object is public sociology from the standpoint of human relationships and processes arising from such relationship. The purpose is to improve the sociology or the human ability to adapt to its environment. Through the development of knowledge concerning social phenomena which can be utilized effectively, to solve social problems.

Degree Of Comparison are used when we compare one person or one thing with another. There are three Degrees of comparison in English. They are :

1.    Positive Degree

2.    Comparative Degree

3.    Superlative Degree

B.       Advice

Discussion of sociology and degree of this Comparation, should be studied seriously and the authors hope that can be used as a reference to add depth of knowledge.